Buddha Teaching About Greed and Hatred - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1608 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2018/12/19 Category Religion Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Buddhism Essay Did you like this example? Introduction According to Buddhist greed and hatred are referred to as poisons or fires (Harvey, P. 2012).? . The metaphors used to describe these two vices suggest how they are dangerous and also afflictive. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Buddha Teaching About Greed and Hatred" essay for you Create order Greed can described as being selfish, having misplaced desires and satisfying outward needs. On the other hand anger can be referred to as aversion and repulsion towards wrong views concerning reality. As a result of failing to control hatred and greed, actions which might cause suffering or unhappiness among the people. Generally in this paper, I will discuss the teachings concerning hatred and greed as per Buddhism teachings. Sankrit dvesa is used in Buddhism to mean hatred. In most situation hatred results from ignorance as people does not connection between various issues apart from the experiences they have. Dvesha is usually represented by a snake. Due to the fact that human beings see themselves as different from everything which is judged to be desirable (Epstein, M. 2013). Such issues make people to fell averted and always seek to avoid them. An individual may become angry when one interrupts anything which one wants to be done. Jealousy is also developed particularly whe n other individual have things which we do not have. Hatred I is also developed when something frightens us or seem to poses a danger to us. The symptoms of hated can be demonstrated through hostility, dislike or either wishing harm to another person. Human beings in most case usually avoid feeling and circumstance which most people do not like. At many times human beings want everything to be comfortable and satisfactory at all times. This behavior acts as reinforcement towards one perception about duality and separation. Lobha is actually represented as a wheel of life by a cock. The word lobha is actually found in sankrit and Pali, but in most cases used raga instead of lobha to mean the same thing. (Williams, P., Tribe, A., Wynne, A. 2012). Greed can actually take different forms like acquiring property in order to raise ones status quo. In most case individuals like to wear the most fashioned clothes so that they can be liked and admired, this will be expression of lobha. I n general hatred and greed are usually linked to how personalities are conditioned. Human being is controlled by these two vices and they can be regarded to as roots which are buried deeply into individuals mind. Understanding how to control greed and hatred may empower an individual and also choice about how to deal with these factors. According to Noble teaching about four truths, when an individual embraces and also understands exactly what causes dissatisfaction and suffering necessary action can be undertaken to extinguish such causes from ourselves. Greed is a burning need, craving and unsatisfied thirst. Human beings always require objects which can give a long lasting satisfaction. When the desires and needs have been satisfied, an individual feels self-worth and complete. This vice of greed basically creates internal hunger as this may be seen to strive towards undertaking which may be seen as unattainable. Happiness will depend whether an individual has attained a parti cular goal. Greed raises when one looks himself towards achieving the next planned goal, satisfaction is thought to be achieved successfully. Human beings are never satisfied fully due to greed. This is mostly manifested by lack of compassion and also generosity towards other people. Even honesty and introspection can actually reveal how greed can be deeply rooted in ones heart. Symptoms o greed can be experienced mostly in trivial instances which can be destructive and compulsive. Human beings desire to get more and more or usually want to fulfill the inner thirst. This is regarded as greed for wanting more and it affects ones personal life, politics and also the domain crated by international business. The conflicts which is experienced globally is as result of symptoms political greed. Greed in human beings affects individuals on either at personal or at global level. Peoples greed is actually endless and pernicious which seems to bring suffering and also unhappiness when it is k ept awake. To overcome greed, selflessness and generosity should be practiced. If greed is experienced by individuals, contemplation of the impermanence can be applied. Giving away can actually be practiced through giving way items which we do not actually require. Also the acts of selfless service and also charity can be practiced as this will make the other people to feel recognized. There is no doubt to enjoy sharing beauty and pleasures of this world which is treated as material. The problems which are associated with greed are actually arise when individuals mistakenly believe and also act as if happiness is extrinsic factor. Hatred can be manifested through symptoms of anger, dislike, hostility or ill will against another person. Due to aversion, human beings resist and avoid feelings which are unpleasant and also people whom we do not like. Human beings desire everything to be comfortable, pleasant and satisfying at all times. This behavior acts as a reinforcement about perception concerning separation and separation. Hated and anger forces human beings to in vicious circle of being in conflict and also having enemies in anywhere they occupy. When there conflict and also perception of enemies around us, the mind becomes neurotic and endlessly occupied with seeking strategies to protect or revenge against ones actions (Kornfield, J., Ed, 2012).? . Conflict can also be created within human beings when one develops an aversion towards feelings which are uncomfortable. Development of aversion and hatred, inner feelings like fear loneliness are usually treated as internal enemies in life. Due to this ill of hatred, mostly conflict and enemies are created within us all over the world. Most individuals have been influenced by greed and hatred. The work of carrying out purification and also transformation is not actually influenced by obedience to impatience desire to achieve quick results. Any work being done by any individual demands persistence, car e and compassion for others and as well as ourselves. Buddha taught that the ills of hatred and greed, which in many cases cause much suffering to human beings, can actually be purified and transformed. The chain of suffering and negative karma can be broken and live a fulfilling and happy lives. The excellent teachings from Buddha reveal that enlighten is a true nature and will shine naturally especially when the mind is purified.in this view, the goal of spiritual practice is actually to liberate an individual from defilements which obstruct radiance, natural clarity and joy resulting from ones enlightenment. To overcome hatred, human beings should learn on how to practice compassion, forgiveness and also patience. Reaction s about unpleasant circumstances or people with hatred can be used to overcome this poisons in life. Individuals can learn to embrace openly the spectrum of their experiences without applying hatred. The way an individual is prepared towards coming across un pleasant experiences in the world with patience and kindness, it should also be prepared to meet ones own unpleasant t experiences in the same way. Individuals feeling of being lonely, fear, insecurity and depression require one to be open and kind- loving. Challenges in spiritual practice softens habitual defenses, open our hearts and makes hatred to go. Through this method, individuals are able to meet and embrace themselves, other people and all the other experiences by applying great wisdom and compassion. According to Buddhism, hatred and greed are regarded as main causes of which keep the human beings to be trapped in samsara. According to the wheel of life (sanskarit bhavacakra) the six realms of Asmara are given birth by hatred and greed. Ignorance is regarded as the main root cause of anger and greed (McWilliams, S. A. 2011). Ignorance is viewed as willful truth in the nature of life. It is also regarded to as blindness which obstructs the reality. Each individual is regard ed as an important component of life as well as a victim of immense possibilities in it. Ignorance is actually regarded as a fundamental darkness because it obstructs the reality of life.in Buddhism ignorance is associated with identification of one self as each individual regards himself or herself as separate being. In many situation the word I is used and not anything else ton refer tom the individual. Collective generations avoided because every individual feel that he or she is unique from one another. This identification acts as basis for dualism views as since everyone is unique on one way or another. Creation of splint between individuals causes reaction which occurs on positive ways. On the other hand, there exist issues which seem to threaten and undermine ones existence. May be on way or another such issues seem to harm us or rather take away our identity as human beings. In most case they act as danger to our security. Base on this thinking, aversion crops up and agai n there are other issues which are so nice. Such issues are mostly desired to gain by everybody and this greatly increases the attachment between human beings. Specially, the practice of Buddha does not actually relieve sufferings from an individual from the time of birth until death unless one perceives true nature and reality of life. Greed and hatred acts as vice in any given community and individuals should strive to control such poisons of life to make life simple. Conclusion In conclusion, by learning more Dharma and applying its teachings in a proper manner in our lives, the stubborn behavior and habits will seek to exist gradually. This will liberate individuals from suffering and also unhappiness. This is actually referred to as taintless liberty of the mind according to Buddha.

Summary And Response Module 3 - 960 Words

Summary and Response: Module 3 A) Summary of Articles The three articles we were asked to read discussed personal and professional discord, how to address these value-based conflicts when they occur, and the intersectionality of faith, sexual orientations, and gender overall. These articles all explained what potential viewpoints (personal and professional) could do to the counseling process and what can be done to prevent this (e.g. how to address these value-based conflicts within the counseling setting). Also, these articles explained how being self-reflexive and aware of these conflicts can lead to less occurrences and positive outcomes for your clients. B) Initial and personal response to articles My initial response was these†¦show more content†¦like the SOCCS and RFS in the first article) and having to take courses and workshops that are directly related to value-based conflict training(s). 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Prelude to Foundation Chapter 1 Mathematician Free Essays

CLEON I-†¦ The last Galactic Emperor of the Entun dynasty. He was born in the year 11,988 of the Galactic Era, the same year in which Hari Seldon was born. (It is thought that Seldon’s birthdate, which some consider doubtful, may have been adjusted to match that of Cleon, whom Seldon, soon after his arrival on Trantor, is supposed to have encountered. We will write a custom essay sample on Prelude to Foundation Chapter 1 Mathematician or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) Having succeeded to the Imperial throne in 12,010 at the age of twenty-two, Cleon I’s reign represented a curious interval of quiet in those troubled times. This is undoubtedly due to the skills of his Chief of Staff, Eto Demerzel, who so carefully obscured himself from public record that little is known about him. Cleon himself†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica [1] 1. Suppressing a small yawn, Cleon said, â€Å"Demerzel, have you by any chance ever heard of a man named Hari Seldon?† Cleon had been Emperor for just over ten years and there were times at state occasions when, dressed in the necessary robes and regalia, he could manage to look stately. He did so, for instance, in the holograph of himself that stood in the niche in the wall behind him. It was placed so that it clearly dominated the other niches holding the holographs of several of his ancestors. The holograph was not a totally honest one, for though Cleon’s hair was light brown in hologram and reality alike, it was a bit thicker in the holograph. There was a certain asymmetry to his real face, for the left side of his upper lip raised itself a bit higher than the right side, and this was somehow not evident in the holograph. And if he had stood up and placed himself beside the holograph, he would have been seen to be 2 centimeters under the 1.83-meter height that the image portrayed-and perhaps a bit stouter. Of course, the holograph was the official coronation portrait and he had been younge r then. He still looked young and rather handsome, too, and when he was not in the pitiless grip of official ceremony, there was a kind of vague good nature about his face. Demerzel said, with the tone of respect that he carefully cultivated, â€Å"Hari Seldon? It is an unfamiliar name to me, Sire. Ought I to know of him?† â€Å"The Minister of Science mentioned him to me last night. I thought you might.† Demerzel frowned slightly, but only very slightly, for one does not frown in the Imperial presence. â€Å"The Minister of Science, Sire, should have spoken of this man to me as Chief of Staff. If you are to be bombarded from every side-â€Å" Cleon raised his hand and Demerzel stopped at once. â€Å"Please, Demerzel, one can’t stand on formality at all times. When I passed the Minister at last night’s reception and exchanged a few words with him, he bubbled over. I could not refuse to listen and I was glad I had, for it was interesting.† â€Å"In what way interesting, Sire?† â€Å"Well, these are not the old days when science and mathematics were all the rage. That sort of thing seems to have died down somehow, perhaps because all the discoveries have been made, don’t you think? Apparently, however, interesting things can still happen. At least I was told it was interesting.† â€Å"By the Minister of Science, Sire?† â€Å"Yes. He said that this Hari Seldon had attended a convention of mathematicians held here in Trantor-they do this every ten years, for some reason-and he said that he had proved that one could foretell the future mathematically.† Demerzel permitted himself a small smile. â€Å"Either the Minister of Science, a man of little acumen, is mistaken or the mathematician is. Surely, the matter of foretelling the future is a children’s dream of magic.† â€Å"Is it, Demerzel? People believe in such things.† â€Å"People believe in many things, Sire.† â€Å"But they believe in such things. Therefore, it doesn’t matter whether the forecast of the future is true or not. If a mathematician should predict a long and happy reign for me, a time of peace and prosperity for the Empire-Eh, would that not be well?† â€Å"It would be pleasant to hear, certainly, but what would it accomplish, Sire?† â€Å"But surely if people believe this, they would act on that belief. Many a prophecy, by the mere force of its being believed, is transmuted to fact. These are ‘self-fulfilling prophecies.’ Indeed, now that I think of it, it was you who once explained this to me.† Demerzel said, â€Å"I believe I did, Sire.† His eyes were watching the Emperor carefully, as though to see how far he might go on his own. â€Å"Still, if that be so, one could have any person make the prophecy.† â€Å"Not all persons would be equally believed, Demerzel. A mathematician, however, who could back his prophecy with mathematical formulas and terminology, might be understood by no one and yet believed by everyone.† Demerzel said, â€Å"As usual, Sire, you make good sense. We live in troubled times and it would be worthwhile to calm them in a way that would require neither money nor military effort-which, in recent history, have done little good and much harm.† â€Å"Exactly, Demerzel,† said the Emperor with excitement. â€Å"Reel in this Hari Seldon. You tell me you have your strings stretching to every part of this turbulent world, even where my forces dare not go. Pull on one of those strings, then, and bring in this mathematician. Let me see him.† â€Å"I will do so, Sire,† said Demerzel, who had already located Seldon and who made a mental note to commend the Minister of Science for a job well done. 2. Hari Seldon did not make an impressive appearance at this time. Like the Emperor Cleon I, he was thirty-two years old, but he was only 1.73 meters tall. His face was smooth and cheerful, his hair dark brown, almost black, and his clothing had the unmistakable touch of provinciality about it. To anyone in later times who knew of Hari Seldon only as a legendary demigod, it would seem almost sacrilegious for him not to have white hair, not to have an old lined face, a quiet smile radiating wisdom, not to be seated in a wheelchair. Even then, in advanced old age, his eyes had been cheerful, however. There was that. And his eyes were particularly cheerful now, for his paper had been given at the Decennial Convention. It had even aroused some interest in a distant sort of way and old Osterfith had nodded his head at him and had said, â€Å"Ingenious, young man. Most ingenious.† Which, coming from Osterfith, was satisfactory. Most satisfactory. But now there was a new-and quite unexpected-development and Seldon wasn’t sure whether it should increase his cheer and intensify his satisfaction or not. He stared at the tall young man in uniform-the Spaceship-and-Sun neatly placed on the left side of his tunic. â€Å"Lieutenant Alban Wellis,† said the officer of the Emperor’s Guard before putting away his identification. â€Å"Will you come with me now, sir?† Wellis was armed, of course. There were two other Guardsmen waiting outside his door. Seldon knew he had no choice, for all the other’s careful politeness, but there was no reason he could not seek information. He said, â€Å"To see the Emperor?† â€Å"To be brought to the Palace, sir. That’s the extent of my instructions.† â€Å"But why?† â€Å"I was not told why, sir. And I have my strict instructions that you must come with me-one way or another.† â€Å"But this seems as though I am being arrested. I have done nothing to warrant that.† â€Å"Say, rather, that it seems you are being given an escort of honor-if you delay me no further.† Seldon delayed no further. He pressed his lips together, as though to block of further questions, nodded his head, and stepped forward. Even if he was going to meet the Emperor and to receive Imperial commendation, he found no joy in it. He was for the Empire-that is, for the worlds of humanity in peace and union but he was not for the Emperor. The lieutenant walked ahead, the other two behind. Seldon smiled at those he passed and managed to look unconcerned. Outside the hotel they climbed into an official ground-car. (Seldon ran his hand over the upholstery; he had never been in anything so ornate.) They were in one of the wealthiest sections of Trantor. The dome was high enough here to give a sensation of being in the open and one could swear-even one such as Hari Seldon, who had been born and brought up on an open world-that they were in sunlight. You could see no sun and no shadows, but the air was light and fragrant. And then it passed and the dome curved down and the walls narrowed in and soon they were moving along an enclosed tunnel, marked periodically with the Spaceship-and-Sun and so clearly reserved (Seldon thought) for official vehicles. A door opened and the ground-car sped through. When the door closed behind them, they were in the open-the true, the real open. There were 250 square kilometers of the only stretch of open land on Trantor and on it stood the Imperial Palace. Seldon would have liked a chance to wander through that open land-not because of the Palace, but because it also contained the Galactic University and, most intriguing of all, the Galactic Library. And yet, in passing from the enclosed world of Trantor into the open patch of wood and parkland, he had passed into a world in which clouds dimmed the sky and a chill wind rued his shirt. He pressed the contact that closed the ground-car’s window. It was a dismal day outside. 3. Seldon was not at all sure he would meet the Emperor. At best, he would meet some official in the fourth or fifth echelon who would claim to speak for the Emperor. How many people ever did see the Emperor? In person, rather than on holovision? How many people saw the real, tangible Emperor, an Emperor who never left the Imperial grounds that he, Seldon, was now rolling over. The number was vanishingly small. Twenty-five million inhabited worlds, each with its cargo of a billion human beings or more-and among all those quadrillions of human beings, how many had, or would ever, lay eyes on the living Emperor. A thousand? And did anyone care? The Emperor was no more than a symbol of Empire, like the Spaceship-and-Sun but far less pervasive, far less real. It was his soldiers and his officials, crawling everywhere, that now represented an Empire that had become a dead weight upon its people-not the Emperor. So it was that when Seldon was ushered into a moderately sized, lavishly furnished room and found a young-looking man sitting on the edge of a table in a windowed alcove, one foot on the ground and one swinging over the edge, he found himself wondering that any official should be looking at him in so blandly good-natured a way. He had already experienced the fact, over and over, that government officials-and particularly those in the Imperial service-looked grave at all times, as though bearing the weight of the entire Galaxy on their shoulders. And it seemed the lower in importance they were, the graver and more threatening their expression. This, then, might be an official so high in the scale, with the sun of power so bright upon him, that he felt no need of countering it with clouds of frowning. Seldon wasn’t sure how impressed he ought to be, but he felt that it would be best to remain silent and let the other speak first. The official said, â€Å"You are Hari Seldon, I believe. The mathematician.† Seldon responded with a minimal â€Å"Yes, sir,† and waited again. The young man waved an arm. â€Å"It should be ‘Sire,’ but I hate ceremony. It’s all I get and I weary of it. We are alone, so I will pamper myself and eschew ceremony. Sit down, professor.† Halfway through the speech, Seldon realized that he was speaking to the Emperor Cleon, First of that Name, and he felt the wind go out of him. There was a faint resemblance (now that he looked) to the official holograph that appeared constantly in the news, but in that holograph, Cleon was always dressed imposingly, seemed taller, nobler, frozen-faced. And here he was, the original of the holograph, and somehow he appeared to be quite ordinary. Seldon did not budge. The Emperor frowned slightly and, with the habit of command present even in the attempt to abolish it, at least temporarily, said peremptorily, â€Å"I said, ‘Sit down,’ man. That chair. Quickly.† Seldon sat down, quite speechless. He could not even bring himself to say, â€Å"Yes, Sire.† Cleon smiled. â€Å"That’s better. Now we can talk like two fellow human beings, which, after all, is what we are once ceremony is removed. Eh, my man?† Seldon said cautiously, â€Å"If Your Imperial Majesty is content to say so, then it is so.† â€Å"Oh, come, why are you so cautious? I want to talk to you on equal terms. It is my pleasure to do so. Humor me.† â€Å"Yes, Sire.† â€Å"A simple ‘Yes,’ man. Is there no way I can reach you?† Cleon stared at Seldon and Seldon thought it was a lively and interested stare. Finally the Emperor said, â€Å"You don’t look like a mathematician.† At last, Seldon found himself able to smile. â€Å"I don’t know what a mathematician is suppose to look like, Your Imp-â€Å" Cleon raised a cautioning hand and Seldon choked off the honorific. Cleon said, â€Å"White-haired, I suppose. Bearded, perhaps. Old, certainly.† â€Å"Yet even mathematicians must be young to begin with.† â€Å"But they are then without reputation. By the time they obtrude themselves on the notice of the Galaxy, they are as I have described.† â€Å"I am without reputation, I’m afraid.† â€Å"Yet you spoke at this convention they held here.† â€Å"A great many of us did. Some were younger than myself. Few of us were granted any attention whatever.† â€Å"Your talk apparently attracted the attention of some of my officials. I am given to understand that you believe it possible to predict the future.† Seldon suddenly felt weary. It seemed as though this misinterpretation of his theory was constantly going to occur. Perhaps he should not have presented his paper. He said, â€Å"Not quite, actually. What I have done is much more limited than that. In many systems, the situation is such that under some conditions chaotic events take place. That means that, given a particular starting point, it is impossible to predict outcomes. This is true even in some quite simple systems, but the more complex a system, the more likely it is to become chaotic. It has always been assumed that anything as complicated as human society would quickly become chaotic and, therefore, unpredictable. What I have done, however, is to show that, in studying human society, it is possible to choose a starting point and to make appropriate assumptions that will suppress the chaos. That will make it possible to predict the future, not in full detail, of course, but in broad sweeps; not with certainty, but with calculable probabilities.† The Emperor, who had listened carefully, said, â€Å"But doesn’t that mean that you have shown how to predict the future?† â€Å"Again, not quite. I have showed that it is theoretically possible, but no more. To do more, we would actually have to choose a correct starting point, make correct assumptions, and then find ways of carrying through calculations in a finite time. Nothing in my mathematical argument tells us how to do any of this. And even if we could do it all, we would, at best, only assess probabilities. That is not the same as predicting the future; it is merely a guess at what is likely to happen. Every successful politician, businessman, or human being of any calling must make these estimates of the future and do it fairly well or he or she would not be successful.† â€Å"They do it without mathematics.† â€Å"True. They do it by intuition.† â€Å"With the proper mathematics, anyone would be able to assess the probabilities. It wouldn’t take the rare human being who is successful because of a remarkable intuitive sense.† â€Å"True again, but I have merely shown that mathematical analysis is possible; I have not shown it to be practical.† â€Å"How can something be possible, yet not practical?† â€Å"It is theoretically possible for me to visit each world of the Galaxy and greet each person on each world. However, it would take far longer to do this than I have years to live and, even if I was immortal, the rate at which new human beings are being born is greater than the rate at which I could interview the old and, even more to the point, old human beings would die in great numbers before I could ever get to them.† â€Å"And is this sort of thing true of your mathematics of the future?† Seldon hesitated, then went on. â€Å"It might be that the mathematics would take too long to work out, even if one had a computer the size of the Universe working at hyperspatial velocities. By the time any answer had been received, enough years would have elapsed to alter the situation so grossly as to make the answer meaningless.† â€Å"Why cannot the process be simplified?† Cleon asked sharply. â€Å"Your Imperial Majesty,†-Seldon felt the Emperor growing more formal as the answers grew less to his liking and responded with greater formality of his own, â€Å"consider the manner in which scientists have dealt with subatomic particles. There are enormous numbers of these, each moving or vibrating in random and unpredictable manner, but this chaos turns out to have an underlying order, so that we can work out a quantum mechanics that answers all the questions we know how to ask. In studying society, we place human beings in the place of subatomic particles, but now there is the added factor of the human mind. Particles move mindlessly; human beings do not. To take into account the various attitudes and impulses of mind adds so much complexity that there lacks time to take care of all of it.† â€Å"Could not mind, as well as mindless motion, have an underlying order?† â€Å"Perhaps. My mathematical analysis implies that order must underlie everything, however disorderly it may appear to be, but it does not give any hint as to how this underlying order may be found. Consider-Twenty-five million worlds, each with its overall characteristics and culture, each being significantly different from all the rest, each containing a billion or more human beings who each have an individual mind, and all the worlds interacting in innumerable ways and combinations! However theoretically possible a psychohistorical analysis may be, it is not likely that it can be done in any practical sense.† â€Å"What do you mean ‘psychohistorical’?† â€Å"I refer to the theoretical assessment of probabilities concerning the future as ‘psychohistory.’ â€Å" The Emperor rose to his feet suddenly, strode to the other end of the room, turned, strode back, and stopped before the still-sitting Seldon. â€Å"Stand up!† he commanded. Seldon rose and looked up at the somewhat taller Emperor. He strove to keep his gaze steady. Cleon finally said, â€Å"This psychohistory of yours†¦ if it could be made practical, it would be of great use, would it not?† â€Å"Of enormous use, obviously. To know what the future holds, in even the most general and probabilistic way, would serve as a new and marvelous guide for our actions, one that humanity has never before had. But, of course-† He paused. â€Å"Well?† said Cleon impatiently. â€Å"Well, it would seem that, except for a few decision-makers, the results of psychohistorical analysis would have to remain unknown to the public.† â€Å"Unknown!† exclaimed Cleon with surprise. â€Å"It’s clear. Let me try to explain. If a psychohistorical analysis is made and the results are then given to the public, the various emotions and reactions of humanity would at once be distorted. The psychohistorical analysis, based on emotions and reactions that take place without knowledge of the future, become meaningless. Do you understand?† The Emperor’s eyes brightened and he laughed aloud. â€Å"Wonderful!† He clapped his hand on Seldon’s shoulder and Seldon staggered slightly under the blow. â€Å"Don’t you see, man?† said Cleon. â€Å"Don’t you see? There’s your use. You don’t need to predict the future. Just choose a future-a good future, a useful future-and make the kind of prediction that will alter human emotions and reactions in such a way that the future you predicted will be brought about. Better to make a good future than predict a bad one.† Seldon frowned. â€Å"I see what you mean, Sire, but that is equally impossible.† â€Å"Impossible?† â€Å"Well, at any rate, impractical. Don’t you see? If you can’t start with human emotions and reactions and predict the future they will bring about, you can’t do the reverse either. You can’t start with a future and predict the human emotions and reactions that will bring it about.† Cleon looked frustrated. His lips tightened. â€Å"And your paper, then?†¦ Is that what you call it, a paper?†¦ Of what use is it?† â€Å"It was merely a mathematical demonstration. It made a point of interest to mathematicians, but there was no thought in my mind of its being useful in any way.† â€Å"I find that disgusting,† said Cleon angrily. Seldon shrugged slightly. More than ever, he knew he should never have given the paper. What would become of him if the Emperor took it into his head that he had been made to play the fool? And indeed, Cleon did not look as though he was very far from believing that. â€Å"Nevertheless,† he said, â€Å"what if you were to make predictions of the future, mathematically justified or not; predictions that government officials, human beings whose expertise it is to know what the public is likely to do, will judge to be the kind that will bring about useful reactions?† â€Å"Why would you need me to do that? The government officials could make those predictions themselves and spare the middleman.† â€Å"The government officials could not do so as effectively. Government officials do make statements of the sort now and then. They are not necessarily believed.† â€Å"Why would I be?† â€Å"You are a mathematician. You would have calculated the future, not†¦ not intuited it-if that is a word.† â€Å"But I would not have done so.† â€Å"Who would know that?† Cleon watched him out of narrowed eyes. There was a pause. Seldon felt trapped. If given a direct order by the Emperor, would it be safe to refuse? If he refused, he might be imprisoned or executed. Not without trial, of course, but it is only with great difficulty that a trial can be made to go against the wishes of a heavy-handed officialdom, particularly one under the command of the Emperor of the vast Galactic Empire. He said finally, â€Å"It wouldn’t work.† â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"If I were asked to predict vague generalities that could not possibly come to pass until long after this generation and, perhaps, the next were dead, we might get away with it, but, on the other hand, the public would pay little attention. They would not care about a glowing eventuality a century or two in the future. â€Å"To attain results,† Seldon went on, â€Å"I would have to predict matters of sharper consequence, more immediate eventualities. Only to these would the public respond. Sooner or later, though-and probably sooner-one of the eventualities would not come to pass and my usefulness would be ended at once. With that, your popularity might be gone, too, and, worst of all, there would be no further support for the development of psychohistory so that there would be no chance for any good to come of it if future improvements in mathematical insights help to make it move closer to the realm of practicality.† Cleon threw himself into a chair and frowned at Seldon. â€Å"Is that all you mathematicians can do? Insist on impossibilities?† Seldon said with desperate softness, â€Å"It is you, Sire, who insist on impossibilities.† â€Å"Let me test you, man. Suppose I asked you to use your mathematics to tell me whether I would some day be assassinated? What would you say?† â€Å"My mathematical system would not give an answer to so specific a question, even if psychohistory worked at its best. All the quantum mechanics in the world cannot make it possible to predict the behavior of one lone electron, only the average behavior of many.† â€Å"You know your mathematics better than I do. Make an educated guess based on it. Will I someday be assassinated?† Seldon said softly, â€Å"You lay a trap for me, Sire. Either tell me what answer you wish and I will give it to you or else give me free right to make what answer I wish without punishment.† â€Å"Speak as you will.† â€Å"Your word of honor?† â€Å"Do you want it an writing?† Cleon was sarcastic. â€Å"Your spoken word of honor will be sufficient,† said Seldon, his heart sinking, for he was not certain it would be. â€Å"You have my word of honor.† â€Å"Then I can tell you that in the past four centuries nearly half the Emperors have been assassinated, from which I conclude that the chances of your assassination are roughly one in two.† â€Å"Any fool can give that answer,† said Cleon with contempt. â€Å"It takes no mathematician.† â€Å"Yet I have told you several times that my mathematics is useless for practical problems.† â€Å"Can’t you even suppose that I learn the lessons that have been given me by my unfortunate predecessors?† Seldon took a deep breath and plunged in. â€Å"No, Sire. All history shows that we do not learn from the lessons of the past. For instance, you have allowed me here in a private audience. What if it were in my mind to assassinate you? Which it isn’t, Sire,† he added hastily. Cleon smiled without humor. â€Å"My man, you don’t take into account our thoroughness-or advances in technology. We have studied your history, your complete record. When you arrived, you were scanned. Your expression and voiceprints were analyzed. We knew your emotional state in detail; we practically knew your thoughts. Had there been the slightest doubt of your harmlessness, you would not have been allowed near me. In fact, you would not now be alive.† A wave of nausea swept through Seldon, but he continued. â€Å"Outsiders have always found it difficult to get at Emperors, even with technology less advanced. However, almost every assassination has been a palace coup. It is those nearest the Emperor who are the greatest danger to him. Against that danger, the careful screening of outsiders is irrelevant. And as for your own officials, your own Guardsmen, your own intimates, you cannot treat them as you treat me.† Cleon said, â€Å"I know that, too, and at least as well as you do. The answer is that I treat those about me fairly and I give them no cause for resentment.† â€Å"A foolish-† began Seldon, who then stopped in confusion. â€Å"Go on,† said Cleon angrily. â€Å"I have given you permission to speak freely. How am I foolish?† â€Å"The word slipped out, Sire. I meant ‘irrelevant.’ Your treatment of your intimates is irrelevant. You must be suspicious; it would be inhuman not to be. A careless word, such as the one I used, a careless gesture, a doubtful expression and you must withdraw a bit with narrowed eyes. And any touch of suspicion sets in motion a vicious cycle. The intimate will sense and resent the suspicion and will develop a changed behavior, try as he might to avoid it. You sense that and grow more suspicious and, in the end, either he is executed or you are assassinated. It is a process that has proved unavoidable for the Emperors of the past four centuries and it is but one sign of the increasing difficulty of conducting the affairs of the Empire.† â€Å"Then nothing I can do will avoid assassination.† â€Å"No, Sire,† said Seldon, â€Å"but, on the other hand, you may prove fortunate.† Cleon’s fingers were drumming on the arm of his chair. He said harshly, â€Å"You are useless, man, and so is your psychohistory. Leave me.† And with those words, the Emperor looked away, suddenly seeming much older than his thirty-two years. â€Å"I have said my mathematics would be useless to you, Sire. My profound apologies.† Seldon tried to bow but at some signal he did not see, two guards entered and took him away. Cleon’s voice came after him from the royal chamber. â€Å"Return that man to the place from which he was brought earlier.† 4. Eto Demerzel emerged and glanced at the Emperor with a hint of proper deference. He said, â€Å"Sire, you have almost lost your temper.† Cleon looked up and, with an obvious effort, managed to smile. â€Å"Well, so I did. The man was very disappointing.† â€Å"And yet he promised no more than he offered.† â€Å"He offered nothing.† â€Å"And promised nothing, Sire.† â€Å"It was disappointing.† Demerzel said, â€Å"More than disappointing, perhaps. The man is a loose cannon, Sire.† â€Å"A loose what, Demerzel? You are always so full of strange expressions. What is a cannon?† Demerzel said gravely, â€Å"It is simply an expression I heard in my youth, Sire. The Empire is full of strange expressions and some are unknown on Trantor, as those of Trantor are sometimes unknown elsewhere.† â€Å"Do you come to teach me the Empire is large? What do you mean by saying that the man is a loose cannon?† â€Å"Only that he can do much harm without necessarily intending it. He does not know his own strength. Or importance.† â€Å"You deduce that, do you, Demerzel?† â€Å"Yes, Sire. He is a provincial. He does not know Trantor or its ways. He has never been on our planet before and he cannot behave like a man of breeding, like a courtier. Yet he stood up to-â€Å" â€Å"And why not? I gave him permission to speak. I left off ceremony. I treated him as an equal.† â€Å"Not entirely, Sire. You don’t have it within you to treat others as equals. You have the habit of command. And even if you tried to put a person at his ease, there would be few who could manage it. Most would be speechless or, worse, subservient and sycophantic. This man stood up to you.† â€Å"Well, you may admire that, Demerzel, but I didn’t like him.† Cleon looked thoughtfully discontented. â€Å"Did you notice that he made no effort to explain his mathematics to me? It was as though he knew I would not understand a word of it.† â€Å"Nor would you have, Sire. You are not a mathematician, nor a scientist of any kind, nor an artist. There are many fields of knowledge in which others know more than you. It is their task to use their knowledge to serve you. You are the Emperor, which is worth all their specializations put together.† â€Å"Is it? I would not mind being made to feel ignorant by an old man who had accumulated knowledge over many years. But this man, Seldon, is just my age. How does he know so much?† â€Å"He has not had to learn the habit of command, the art of reaching a decision that will affect the lives of others.† â€Å"Sometimes, Demerzel, I wonder if you are laughing at me.† â€Å"Sire?† said Demerzel reproachfully. â€Å"But never mind. Back to that loose cannon of yours. Why should you consider him dangerous? He seems a naive provincial to me.† â€Å"He is. But he has this mathematical development of his.† â€Å"He says it is useless.† â€Å"You thought it might be useful. I thought so, after you had explained it to me. Others might. The mathematician may come to think so himself, now that his mind has been focused on it. And who knows, he may yet work out some way of making use of it. If he does, then to foretell the future, however mistily, is to be in a position of great power. Even if he does not wish power for himself, a kind of self-denial that always seems to me to be unlikely, he might be used by others.† â€Å"I tried to use him. He would not.† â€Å"He had not given it thought. Perhaps now he will. And if he was not interested in being used by you, might he not be persuaded by-let us say-the Mayor of Wye?† â€Å"Why should he be willing to help Wye and not us?† â€Å"As he explained, it is hard to predict the emotions and behavior of individuals.† Cleon scowled and sat in thought. â€Å"Do you really think he might develop this psychohistory of his to the point where it is truly useful? He is so certain he cannot.† â€Å"He may, with time, decide he was wrong in denying the possibility.† Cleon said, â€Å"Then I suppose I ought to have kept him.† Demerzel said, â€Å"No, Sire. Your instinct was correct when you let him go. Imprisonment, however disguised, would cause resentment and despair, which would not help him either to develop his ideas further or make him eager to help us. Better to let him go as you have done, but to keep him forever on an invisible leash. In this way, we can see that he is not used by an enemy of yourself, Sire, and we can see that when the time comes and he has fully developed his science, we can pull on our leash and bring him in. Then we could be†¦ more persuasive.† â€Å"But what if he it picked up by an enemy of mine or, better, of the Empire, for I am the Empire after all, or if, of his own accord, he wishes to serve an enemy-I don’t consider that out of the question, you see.† â€Å"Nor should you. I will see to it that this doesn’t happen, but if, against all striving, it does happen, it would be better if no one has him than if the wrong person does.† Cleon looked uneasy. â€Å"I’ll leave that all in your hands, Demerzel, but I hope we’re not too hasty. He could be, after all, nothing but the purveyor of a theoretical science that does not and cannot work.† â€Å"Quite possibly, Sire, but it would be safer to assume the man is-or might be-important. We lose only a little time and nothing more if we find that we have concerned ourselves with a nonentity. We may lose a Galaxy if we find we have ignored someone of great importance.† â€Å"Very well, then,† said Cleon, â€Å"but I trust I won’t have to know the details-if they prove unpleasant.† Demerzel said, â€Å"Let us hope that will not be the case.† 5. Seldon had had an evening, a night, and part of a morning to get over his meeting with the Emperor. At least, the changing quality of light within the walkways, moving corridors, squares, and parks of the Imperial Sector of Trantor made it seem that an evening, a night, and part of a morning had passed. He sat now in a small park on a small plastic seat that molded itself neatly to his body and he was comfortable. Judging from the light, it seemed to be midmorning and the air was just cool enough to seem fresh without possessing even the smallest bite. Was it like this all the time? He thought of the gray day outside when he went to see the Emperor. And he thought of all the gray days and cold days and hot days and rainy days and snowy days on Helicon, his home, and he wondered if one could miss them. Was it possible to sit in a park on Trantor, having ideal weather day after day, so that it felt as though you were surrounded by nothing at all-and coming to miss a howling wind or a biting cold or a breathless humidity? Perhaps. But not on the first day or the second or the seventh. He would have only this one day and he would leave tomorrow. He meant to enjoy it while he could. He might, after all, never return to Trantor. Still, he continued to feel uneasy at having spoken as independently as he had to a man who could, at will, order one’s imprisonment or execution-or, at the very least, the economic and social death of loss of position and status. Before going to bed, Seldon had looked up Cleon I in the encyclopedic portion of his hotel room computer. The Emperor had been highly praised as, no doubt, had all Emperors in their own lifetime, regardless of their deeds. Seldon had dismissed that, but he was interested in the fact that Cleon had been born in the Palace and had never left its grounds. He had never been in Trantor itself, in any part of the multi-domed world. It was a matter of security, perhaps, but what it meant was that the Emperor was in prison, whether he admitted the matter to himself or not. It might be the most luxurious prison in the Galaxy, but it was a prison just the same. And though the Emperor had seemed mild-mannered and had shown no sign of being a bloody-minded autocrat as so many of his predecessors had been, it was not good to have attracted his attention. Seldon welcomed the thought of leaving tomorrow for Helicon, even though it would be winter (and a rather nasty one, so far) back home. He looked up at the bright diffuse light. Although it could never rain in here, the atmosphere was far from dry. A fountain played not far from him; the plants were green and had probably never felt drought. Occasionally, the shrubbery rustled as though a small animal or two was hidden there. He heard the hum of bees. Really, though Trantor was spoken of throughout the Galaxy as an artificial world of metal and ceramic, in this small patch it felt positively rustic. There were a few other persons taking advantage of the park all wearing light hats, some quite small. There was one rather pretty young woman not far away, but she was bent over a viewer and he could not see her face clearly. A man walked past, looked at him briefly and incuriously, then sat down in a seat facing him and buried himself in a sheaf of teleprints, crossing one leg, in its tight pink trouser leg, over the other. There was a tendency to pastel shades among the men, oddly enough, while the women mostly wore white. Being a clean environment, it made sense to wear light colors. He looked down in amusement at his own Heliconian costume, which was predominantly dull brown. If he were to stay on Trantor as he was not he would need to purchase suitable clothing or he would become an object of curiosity or laughter or repulsion. The man with the teleprints had, for instance, looked up at him more curiously this time-no doubt intrigued by his Outworldish clothing. Seldon was relieved that he did not smile. He could be philosophical over being a figure of fun, but, surely, he could not be expected to enjoy it. Seldon watched the man rather unobtrusively, for he seemed to be engaged in some sort of internal debate. At the moment he looked as if he was about to speak, then seemed to think better of it, then seemed to wish to speak again. Seldon wondered what the outcome would be. He studied the man. He was tall, with broad shoulders and no sign of a paunch, darkish hair with a glint of blond, smooth-shaven, a grave expression, an air of strength though there were no bulging muscles, a face that was a touch rugged-pleasant, but with nothing â€Å"pretty† about it. By the time the man had lost the internal fight with himself (or won, perhaps) and leaned toward him, Seldon had decided he liked him. The man said, â€Å"Pardon me, weren’t you at the Decennial Convention? Mathematics?† â€Å"Yes, I was,† said Seldon agreeably. â€Å"Ah, I thought I saw you there. It was-excuse me-that moment of recognition that led me to sit here. If I am intruding on your privacy-â€Å" â€Å"Not at all. I’m just enjoying an idle moment.† â€Å"Let’s see how close I can get. You’re Professor Seldon.† â€Å"Seldon. Hari Seldon. Quite close. And you?† â€Å"Chetter Hummin.† The man seemed slightly embarrassed. â€Å"Rather a homespun name, I’m afraid.† â€Å"I’ve never come across any Chetters before,† said Seldon. â€Å"Or Hummins. So that makes you somewhat unique, I should think. It might be viewed as being better than being mixed up with all the countless Haris there are. Or Seldons, for that matter.† Seldon moved his chair closer to Hummin, scraping it against the slightly elastic ceramoid tiles. â€Å"Talk about homespun,† he said, â€Å"What about this Outworldish clothing I’m wearing? It never occurred to me that I ought to get Trantorian garb.† â€Å"You could buy some,† said Hummin, eyeing Seldon with suppressed disapproval. â€Å"I’ll be leaving tomorrow and, besides, I couldn’t afford it. Mathematicians deal with large numbers sometimes, but never in their income.-I presume you’re a mathematician, Hummin.† â€Å"No. Zero talent there.† â€Å"Oh.† Seldon was disappointed. â€Å"You said you saw me at the Decennial Convention.† â€Å"I was there as an onlooker. I’m a journalist.† He waved his teleprints, seemed suddenly aware that he was holding them and shoved them into his jacket pouch. â€Å"I supply the material for the news holocasts.† Then, thoughtfully, â€Å"Actually, I’m rather tired of it.† â€Å"The job?† Hummin nodded. â€Å"I’m sick of gathering together all the nonsense from every world. I hate the downward spiral.† He glanced speculatively at Seldon. â€Å"Sometimes something interesting turns up, though. I’ve heard you were seen in the company of an Imperial Guard and making for the Palace gate. You weren’t by any chance seen by the Emperor, were you?† The smile vanished from Seldon’s face. He said slowly, â€Å"If I was, it would scarcely be something I could talk about for publication.† â€Å"No, no, not for publication. If you don’t know this, Seldon, let me be the first to tell you-The first rule of the news game is that nothing is ever said about the Emperor or his personal entourage except what is officially given out. It’s a mistake, of course, because rumors fly that are much worse than the truth, but that’s the way it is.† â€Å"But if you can’t report it, friend, why do you ask?† â€Å"Private curiosity. Believe me, in my job I know a great deal more than ever gets on the air.-Let me guess. I didn’t follow your paper, but I gathered that you were talking about the possibility of predicting the future.† Seldon shook his head and muttered, â€Å"It was a mistake.† â€Å"Pardon me?† â€Å"Nothing.† â€Å"Well, prediction-accurate prediction-would interest the Emperor, or any man in government, so I’m guessing that Cleon, First of that Name, asked you about it and wouldn’t you please give him a few predictions.† Seldon said stiffly, â€Å"I don’t intend to discuss the matter.† Hummin shrugged slightly. â€Å"Eto Demerzel was there, I suppose.† â€Å"Who?† â€Å"You’ve never heard of Eto Demerzel?† â€Å"Never.† â€Å"Cleon’s alter ego-Cleon’s brain-Cleon’s evil spirit. He’s been called all those things-if we confine ourselves to the nonvituperative. He must have been there.† Seldon looked confused and Hummin said, â€Å"Well, you may not have seen him, but he was there. And if he thinks you can predict the future-â€Å" â€Å"I can’t predict the future,† said Seldon, shaking his head vigorously. â€Å"If you listened to my paper, you’ll know that I only spoke of a theoretical possibility.† â€Å"Just the same, if he thinks you can predict the future, he will not let you go.† â€Å"He must have. Here I am.† â€Å"That means nothing. He knows where you are and he’ll continue to know. And when he wants you, he’ll get you, wherever you are. And if he decides you’re useful, he’ll squeeze the use out of you. And if he decides you’re dangerous, he’ll squeeze the life out of you.† Seldon stared. â€Å"What are you trying to do. Frighten me?† â€Å"I’m trying to warn you.† â€Å"I don’t believe what you’re saying.† â€Å"Don’t you? A while ago you said something was a mistake. Were you thinking that presenting the paper was a mistake and that it was getting you into the kind of trouble you don’t want to be in?† Seldon bit his lower lip uneasily. That was a guess that came entirely too close to the truth-and it was at this moment that Seldon felt the presence of intruders. They did not cast a shadow, for the light was too soft and widespread. It was simply a movement that caught the corner of his eye-and then it stopped. How to cite Prelude to Foundation Chapter 1 Mathematician, Essay examples

Creating Value Through Business Model Innovation

Question: Understand the process of strategic planning? Be able to formulate a new strategy? Understand approaches to strategy evaluation? Understand how to implement a chosen strategy? Answer: Introduction The report examines the business strategy from the process of strategic planning that explains mission, vision, goals and get an insight into the core competencies, barriers and facilitators using the strategic tools like SWOT, BCG, and SPACE. Further new strategy formulated using the capability matrix, value chain analysis. The environmental audit executed with the help of Strategic management tool PESTLE and Porters five forces (Teece, 2010). The report also examines the importance of stakeholders in the process of formulating new strategy. The various market entry strategies are evaluated to select the appropriate strategy. Finally the report assessed the roles and responsibilities of the human resources in the process of strategy implementation and defining the SMART target. The business strategy is executed in context to the retail major Tesco Plc established in 1919 by Jack Cohen with head office in Hertfordshire, England. The company is third largest retailer by profit and the fourth largest by sales revenue with 30% share in the grocery market (Tesco.com). The company has 6784 stores worldwide served by a strong team of 500,000. Tesco Plc registered revenue of 63.557 billion with a net income of 0.970 billion for the financial year 2014. It operates in the format of supermarket, hypermarket and superstore. Mission, Vision, Goals and Core competencies of Tesco The Mission, Vision and Goals are the strategic guidance that defines the direction of the company and serve as the purpose of the existence of the company. A vision statement of the company explains the long term goal and direction of the company (Teece, 2010). The Vision of Tesco is The Mission statement of the company defines the qualitative aims of the business and the reason for the existence with a strategic perspective. The Mission statement of Tesco is The mission of the company explains why we exist and the vision defines what the company intend to be in the future, the goal of the company short term aims and objectives to fulfill the mission and vision of the company (Teece, 2010). Business goals are integral part of the strategic planning process as it is time bound. The core competencies of Tesco help the company to enjoy 30% market share of the grocery market. The companys core competencies include the The products of the company that are environment friendly in nature. The customer centric strategy of the company like Club Card and Loyalty card. Providing the customer with quality products at reasonable price. The improved labeling of the products that enhances easy retrieval. The self check out process implemented by the company. Environmental scanning of Tesco The environmental scanning of Tesco is conducted to assess the strength and weakness of the company that impact the growth of the company. The major strength of the company is the scale of operation both offline and online platform where every 7 spent in UK retail outlet 1is spent in Tesco enjoying third largest in profit and fourth largest in revenue (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). The companys strength is exhibited in the diversification strategy adapted by the company in verticals like non food items like books, clothing, furniture and petrol and services like software, telecommunication, financial services, internet services and music downloads. Another strength identified is the spread in th 11 countries. The major weakness of the company is the dropping sales since 2012 owing to the competition from Lidl, Netto and Aldi. It is further aggravated by the low prcing strategy adapted by these players. Effectiveness of techniques in developing strategic business plans for Tesco The business strategy of Tesco is evaluated with the strategic tools BCG growth share matrix designed by Boston consulting group that evaluates the market growth against the market share using the four defined matrix Stars, Cash Cows, Question marks and Dogs that can be present four different stages of the product. The Stars are those products of the company that enjoy high market share and market growth like music downloads, clothes, furniture verticals of Tesco (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). The cash cows are products that enjoys high market share but low market growth namely the groceries products of Tesco. The new verticals of Tesco like telecommunication, financial and internet services are the question mark that has high market growth but low market share and the company needs to increasing the advertisement to garner more market share in the future. The book vertical is the Dogs with low market share and market growth and needs to be eliminated. The SPACE Matrix is strategic tool used to evaluate the four dimension of the organization namely financial strength (FS), Competitive advantage (CA), Industry strength (IS) and environmental stability (ES) where the first two define the internal and next two define the external dimension. In case of Tesco the internal dimension namely financial strength is strong with operating income of 2.631 billion, total assets worth 50.129 billion and total equity worth 14.722 billion for the financial year 2014. The competitive advantage is also positive with the company enjoying 30% of the grocery market share and well diversified portfolio into non food and services though the new players like Lidl, Netto and Aldi are diluting the competitive advantage (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). The external dimension namely industry strength is favorable with the company enjoying the number one position in the UK and third largest retailer in the global market but Wall marts acquisition of ASDA is t he main concern to maintain the industry strength. The environmental stability is the area of concern with changing customer behavior, and economic and technological pressure. Produce an Organization audit of Tesco The organization audit of Tesco is conducted with the strategic tool capability matrix to identify the resources capability that enhance the competencies, value chain analysis and strength and weakness analysis that examine the internal capability and limitation of the company. The capability matrix is a strategic tool that evaluates the capabilities of the company in two dimensions namely the width of function and the depth of capabilities (Williamson, 2012). In case of Tesco the company has number of verticals like groceries, books, clothing, electronics, furniture, toys, petrol and software, financial services, telecoms and internet services that is sold thru 6784 stores across 12 countries in Europe and Asia depicting the width of function that is supported by the depth of capabilities both in the financial and human resources team of 500,000. The value chain analysis helps to understand the competitive advantage of the company by defining the primary and secondary activities. The primary activities are related with transforming inputs into outputs and marketing the same to customers supporting it with timely delivery and after sales support. The secondary activities are the support activities handled by the staff of the company and comprise of procurement, technology development, infrastructure and human resources (Williamson, 2012). The value chain analysis of Tesco exhibit that the company has a strong operational and marketing team that handle both the primary and support activities well to enhance the competitive advantage of the company in the retail space. The environment audit further assesses the strength and weakness of the company to understand the internal resource capability and limitation of the company. The evaluation of strength of Tesco reveals that the company enjoys top position in the home market and third largest retailer in the world market with well defined product portfolio and various formats. Similarly the company is the market leader in the online space (Williamson, 2012). Further the organic growth of Tesco by acquiring Safeway and loyalty card program enhance the strength and capability. Finally the presence in the international market in 12 countries including Thailand and Malaysia boost the internal resource capability. The major weakness of Tesco is the drop in the sales post the economic recession and further escalated by new players like Lidl, Netto and Aldi since 2012. Carry out an environmental audit for Tesco The strategic tool PESTLE analysis is conducted to study the external factors impacting the business of TESCO. In addition the opportunity and threat is evaluated to get an insight into the external forces facilitating and acting as barrier in the execution of the business (Doherty Lu, 2012). Further Porters five forces evaluated to understand the competition in the market. PESTLE analysis The strategic tool PESTLE analysis is conducted the external factors impacting the business of Tesco namely Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environment. Political factors The operation of Tesco spreads across 12 countries in Europe and Asia that has various political conditions, tax implication and retail policy that needs to be taken into account by the company while framing the business and human resource policy of the company (Doherty Lu, 2012). Retail sector provide employment opportunity to huge people with various skill levels and it needs to frame the recruitment after considering the employment policies in the country of operation. Economic factors The economic factors are very crucial retail players like Tesco and others as it impacts the purchasing power, disposable income, demand, costs, price and profits (Doherty Lu, 2012). The economic factors are external but influence the marketing mix and marketing performance of the company. The slowdown in the UK food market and market concentration enhance the economic impact of Tesco. Social factors The social and cultural trend of the country influences the purchase behavior of the customer. The current trend of the customers is more towards one stop shopping and value shopping. Tesco has to take this trend into account while framing the store format and items sold (Doherty Lu, 2012). This is the reason Tesco has various format like supermarket, hypermarket and superstore that sell both food and non food item. Demographic changes are another factor that impacts the retail business of the company. Technological factor The technology and internet had changed the way customer shop and benefited the customer and company equally by bridging the gap, widening the shopping option by introducing online shopping (Doherty Lu, 2012). Tesco stores use wireless devices, intelligent scales, electronic labeling, self check out and radio frequency identification (RFID) and efficient consumer response (ECR). Legal factors The various laws related with packaged foods retailing in many countries are a major concern for Tesco that has operation in 12 countries across the globe (Doherty Lu, 2012). The food retailing commission defines code of practice that needs to be abided by the company. Environmental factors The environmental factors are a major concern across the globe and the retail company has to maintain the carbon emission policies designed by the government and corporate social responsibilities (CSR) is part of every company including Tesco to conduct ethical business and protect the environment (Doherty Lu, 2012). The opportunity and threat analysis helps to understand the external factors impacting the business of Tesco. The analysis presented the huge potential for the company in the non food, health and beauty products and expansion into the emerging market of India, Singapore and Indonesia. The major threat identified are the growing strength of Wal-Mart in the UK market after the acquisition of ASDA and the price war initiated by the new players like Lidl, Netto and Aldi. Porters five forces This is a strategic tool used to get an insight into industry strength based on the five forces namely Threat of new entrants The new entrants like Lidl, Netto and Aldi is diluting the market share enjoyed by Tesco (George et al., 2012). Further they are also providing tough competition in the price eroding the margin and market share. Bargaining power of suppliers The large scale operation of Tesco helps to enjoy the bargaining power in terms of suppliers and vendors and this helps the company to offer competitive pricing to the customers. Threat of substitute products The products of Tesco and other retail players like Sainbury, ASDA and other supermarket chains enhance the threat of substitute products (George et al., 2012). Tesco explore the differentiation strategy and loyalty card program to retain the customer base. Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers is high in the retail market with so many players catering to the same market (George et al., 2012). The customers move to other retail player if they find the pricing of the product expensive. Rivalry among competitors The retail market is attracting new players and increasing the competition. This is escalated by the further by top players like Tesco, Sainsbury, ASDA and other trying to increase the market share. Significance of Stakeholders in the formulation of strategy A stakeholder is defined as an individual or group of individuals that is influenced by the decision and activities of the company. These stakeholders are related with the business of the company directly or indirectly. In case of Tesco the major stakeholders are employees, customers, government local authorities, landowners, regulators, suppliers, business partners and sub contractors, local communities, investors and analysts, and consultants (Sorescu et al., 2011). Tesco has involved the stakeholders interest in the strategy planning and executed fair trade practices to maximize the value creation for all stakeholders of the company. The international operation of the company helps to provide value addition for both customers and shareholders by leveraging the nine decades long retail experience. Suggest and present a new possible strategy for Tesco The company enjoys a leading position in the home market and is the third largest retailer in the global market. The leader in the Global market Wal-mart has acquired ASDA and expanded its business in the UK market (Sorescu et al., 2011). It is suggested Tesco should enter the US market by acquiring the established players like Carrefour, metro group and seven holdings. Strategies related to market entry The market entry is a crucial strategic decision to expand the business, revenue and profit of the company (Hitt et al., 2012). The Ansoff matrix explains the four strategic market entry option to expand the business of the company namely Market penetration Market development Product development Diversification Market penetration This is the market entry strategy that expands the existing market of the company with more penetration into the untapped areas (Hitt et al., 2012). Tesco is able to penetrate further with online marketing to far off places where the company had no reach in the past. Market development This is strategy where the company identifies new market to promote the existing product of the company. Tesco developed new store formats to capture more customers. The major formats are Express, Metro, Superstore and extra, Hyper market. Product development This is the strategy that develops new product to cater to existing market (Hitt et al., 2012). Tesco has identified private label, non food items like entertainment, health and beauty, household and clothing as the new product to expand the business in the future. Diversification This is strategy where the company enters new market with both related and unrelated products. The company is venturing into the related diversification like books, music downloads, clothing and household products and unrelated business like financial services, travel services, ivillage.com, telecom and mobile phones (Hitt et al., 2012). Tesco has identified five key markets for expanding the international business of the company. They are large market, global market, underdeveloped retail market, opportunities for mass market and market leading position. Most appropriate strategy for Tesco Tesco should enter the biggest market for retail US with acquisition of leading players like Carrefour, metro group and seven holdings (Hitt et al., 2012). It should enter the emerging market with huge potential like China and India with the existing product of the company by acquisition of local players or opening 100% subsidiary. Roles and responsibilities of personnel involved in strategic implementation for Tesco The chief executive officer (CEO) of Tesco plays key roles and is entrusted with the responsibilities in implementing the business strategy of the company considering the interest of all the stakeholders of the company (Amit, Zott, Pearson, 2012). He acts as the liaison officer between the board of directors and management and functional head of the company. Once the corporate strategy is devised it serves as the base to design the operational strategy that is executed by the functional head of each departments in line with mission, vision and goal set in the corporate strategy. Resources required for implementing a new strategy for Tesco Once the strategy of the company is prepared and documented the next stage is the implementation that requires resources both financial and human and defined time frame and supported by technology and material to execute the same. The requirement of finance is decided in the budget session of the company based on the nature of the strategy like domestic and international (Hoejmose et al., 2013). The human resource requirement is based on the specific strategy like expansion strategy requires more sales and customer care people while the expansion of supply chain need people from logistic background. Time Scale in implementation using SMART method The SMART method stand for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time bound and helps the business strategy implementation more concrete with well defined roles and responsibilities for human resources implementing the strategy by defining the time frame (Hoejmose et al., 2013). The business strategic of the company has various stages like discussion of the strategy, approval of the board members, development of the blue print, evaluation of the strategic tools , selection of the appropriate strategy, implementation of the strategy, monitoring and corrective action. Each activity will be evaluated using the SMART Method and time frame for each activity will vary between a months to two with the implementation taking 4 months. Conclusion The report evaluated the various process of strategic planning using the strategic tools like BCG growth share matrix, SPACE after defining the mission, vision and goal and core competencies of Tesco. Further the new strategy formulated with strategic techniques like capability matrix, Value chain analysis, SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porters five forces with assessment of the stakeholders interest. In the next task the market entry strategy of Tesco is evaluated with Ansoff matrix to select the most appropriate strategy for Tesco to enter new market and expand the business (Verbeke, 2013). It is observed that diversification strategy is selected by Tesco as market entry strategy. In the final task the roles and responsibilities of personnel was eevlauted and it is found that the CEO is sole person responsible for the implementation with approval from board members and support from functional and operational head. The resource and time implication analyzed with SMART method. References Amit, R., Zott, C., Pearson, A. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,53. Doherty, N., Lu, F. V. (2012). Strategic Marketing: Models and Plans.Service Science Research, Strategy and Innovation: Dynamic Knowledge Management Methods: Dynamic Knowledge Management Methods, 417. George, J. K., Carraher, S. M., Doerr, A., Dandy, R. (2012). A VALIDITY STUDY OF PORTERS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS.Academy of Strategic Management,10(1), 3. Hill, C., Jones, G., Schilling, M. (2014).Strategic Management: Theory: An Integrated Approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. (2012).Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Hoejmose, S., Brammer, S., Millington, A. (2013). An empirical examination of the relationship between business strategy and socially responsible supply chain management.International Journal of Operations Production Management,33(5), 589-621. Horkoff, J., Barone, D., Jiang, L., Yu, E., Amyot, D., Borgida, A., Mylopoulos, J. (2014). Strategic business modeling: representation and reasoning.Software Systems Modeling,13(3), 1015-1041. Sorescu, A., Frambach, R. T., Singh, J., Rangaswamy, A., Bridges, C. (2011). Innovations in retail business models.Journal of Retailing,87, S3-S16. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation.Long range planning,43(2), 172-194. Tesco.com,. 'Tesco.Com - Online Shopping; Bringing The Supermarket To You - Every Little Helps'. N.p., 2015. Web. 6 Sept. 2013. Verbeke, A. (2013).International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Williamson, P. J. (2012). Strategy as options on the future.Sloan management review,40(3).

Can you keep a secret Essay Example

Can you keep a secret Paper The two plays that I have chosen to compare are Road by Jim Cartwright and Can you keep a secret by Winsome Pinnock. Road had its theatrical debut in 1986, at the Royal Court Theatre in London, and was later adapted by the BBC to a film in 1987. Can you keep a secret was written in 1993 and was one of the many successful plays written by Winsome Pinnock. Road is a play that scopes into the lives of a number of people living down the same run-down, poverty stricken road. By use of a narrator, Scullery, we are introduced to all the main characters in the road and given a brief insight to their tragic and almost pathetic lives and pastimes, which mainly revolve around drink, drugs and sex. Can you keep a secret is a play about the after affects of a racist killing, particularly on a teenage girl who has to face up to a moral dilemma, whether to tell the truth or keep quiet for her boyfriend who is the murderer. The main theme that both plays have in common is the idea of loss of identity. In Road we see the loss of identity, people not knowing why they exist, not fighting for a better life or being who they want to be or once were. Long ago I gived up the idea of making a book, and instead, now I just give em out to people for the price of a pint or chips Here we have the Professor, (not a real one) whilst he introduces himself to the audience. We can see by his tone of voice and comment about his life that he is not the ambitious type, has given up on life and just takes what is given to him in terms of luck. A lot of the characters in Road have similar attitudes. Can you keep a secret talks about identity in a slightly different way. It demonstrates what many teenagers experience when growing up and learning what to do and what not to do. Teenagers are often faced with confusion about identity, particularly their own. This play demonstrates this, with many of the characters knowing inside them that something is wrong but not having the courage to face up to it. Letting others cloud their judgement. Were like Siamese twins. If one gets hurt the others feel it. Here one of the boys, Chunky, insisting on his loyalty to Sean after he just killed Derek. We will write a custom essay sample on Can you keep a secret specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Can you keep a secret specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Can you keep a secret specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This sort of attitude, when concerning something as serious as a murder is very naive but is a common problem within teenage problems. The other themes in Road include depression, dis-satisfaction with ones life and existentialism. The idea of having a negative, and almost bitter view on life and being led to believe that life doesnt get any better or worse. Fucking long life init. This phrase is repeated throughout the play by different characters at the end of their scene directly to the audience, emphasising their attitude towards life. Can you keep a secret deals with other themes such as mateship and loyalty, racism and pier pressure. The ways in which the themes and story lines are put across in each play are very different. Road, rather then using a traditional beginning, middle and end structure it uses an episodic structure to demonstrate the themes of the play rather then a story line and subplot. Each character in Road has their own story to tell and they are briefly touched on throughout the whole play by use of lengthy, personal and emotive monologues and character to character dialogue. But all I did was go down. I lost my wife, me family, half me stomach, everything The professors monologue describes his life and struggles. Can you keep a secret however has a more conventional structure, and has more dialogue between characters to tell the story compared to Road. The whole script is interaction between characters to tell the story. You do not learn as much about the characters in Can you keep a secret as you do in Road as Road is based upon deeper analysis of characters and their lives by monologues and the characters talking directly to the audience and opening up to the audience. See how easy you can slip when youre a scientist in the slums. Professor, talking about his life, almost ashamed of his experiences. In Can you keep a secret there is no interaction with the audience and the audience are distanced from the characters and story. Whereas with Road the play breaks the 4th wall and the characters get fully involved with the audience on and off stage and talk direct to the audience in character. Which allows the audience to get a deeper understanding of each character.

The History of the Guillotine

The History of the Guillotine During the 1700s, executions in France were public events where entire towns gathered to watch. A common execution method for a poor criminal was quartering, where the prisoners limbs were tied to four oxen, then the animals were driven in four different directions ripping the person apart. Upper-class criminals could buy their way into a less painful death by hanging or beheading. The guillotine is an instrument for inflicting capital punishment by decapitation that came into common use in France after 1792 (during the French Revolution). In 1789, a French physician first suggested that all criminals should be executed by a â€Å"machine that beheads painlessly. Heritage Images / Getty Images Doctor Joseph Ignace Guillotin Doctor Joseph Ignace Guillotin was born in Saintes, France in 1738 and elected to the French National Assembly in 1789. He belonged to a small political reform movement that wanted to banish the death penalty completely. Guillotin argued for a painless and private capital punishment method equal for all the classes, as an interim step towards completely banning the death penalty. Beheading devices had already been used in Germany, Italy, Scotland, and Persia for aristocratic criminals. However, never had such a device been adopted on a large institutional scale. The French named the guillotine after Doctor Guillotin. The extra e at the end of the word was added by an unknown English poet who found guillotine easier to rhyme with. Doctor Guillotin together with German engineer and harpsichord maker Tobias Schmidt, built the prototype for an ideal guillotine machine. Schmidt suggested using a diagonal blade instead of a round blade. Leon Berger Noted improvements to the guillotine machine were made in 1870 by the assistant executioner and carpenter Leon Berger. Berger added a spring system, which stopped the mouton at the bottom of the groves. He added a lock/blocking device at the lunette and a new release mechanism for the blade. All guillotines built after 1870 were made according to Leon Bergers construction. The French Revolution began in 1789, the year of the famous storming of the Bastille. On July 14 of the same year, King Louis XVI of France was driven from the French throne and sent into exile. The new civilian assembly rewrote the penal code to say, Every person condemned to the death penalty shall have his head severed. All classes of people were now executed equally. The first guillotining took place on April 25, 1792, when Nicolas Jacques Pelletie was guillotined at Place de Grà ¨ve on the Right Bank. Ironically, Louis XVI had his own head chopped off on January 21, 1793. Thousands of people were publicly guillotined during the French Revolution. The Last Guillotine Execution On September 10, 1977, the last execution by guillotine took place in Marseilles, France, when the murderer Hamida Djandoubi was beheaded. Guillotine Facts Total weight of a guillotine is about 1278 lbsThe guillotine metal blade weighs about 88.2 lbsThe height of guillotine posts average about 14 feetThe falling blade has a rate of speed of about 21 feet/secondJust the actual beheading takes 2/100 of a secondThe time for the guillotine blade to fall down to where it stops takes 70th of a second Prunier's Experiment In a scientific effort to determine if any consciousness remained following decapitation by the guillotine, three French doctors attended the execution of Monsieur Theotime Prunier in 1879, having obtained his prior consent to be the subject of their experimentation. Immediately after the blade fell on the condemned man, the trio retrieved his head and attempted to elicit some sign of intelligent response by shouting in his face, sticking in pins, applying ammonia under his nose, silver nitrate, and candle flames to his eyeballs. In response, they could record only that M Pruniers face bore a look of astonishment.

(choose one from the three topices) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

(choose one from the three topices) - Essay Example He asserts that human reason is his will, which government and other human institution should put first for better co-existence of the two. On the part of Marx, he argues that human reason should influence the changes that people prefer. He aims at showing that the most important thing in any society is the people. They form the institutions, thus the authorities’ and power rest on people. Freethinking and active emancipation of self conforms to Marx’s view on human reason. On the side of Machiavelli, having lived at a time of political instability, of sheer violence, war torn era characterized by betrayal and blackmail, he sees too little to rely on human reasoning (Machiavelli 25). He concludes human reason as wicked and merely a push for self-satisfaction. This paper will bring out the position of human reasoning according to the three personalities and its influence on government, property, and labor. Nicollo Machiavelli’s philosophy on human reason describes man as a fickle, unreliable creature. One should not trust his reasoning. He is content to dismiss men as a sad lot that will lie, cheat, and steal if this has benefit on them. Look at the issue of governance, Machiavelli believes that whoever comes to power is from the ordinary men. He is a prince who works his way out of the common lot of deceivers in the society. His reasoning is not far off, the lot which he was part of. Men reasoning according to Machiavelli are rich in qualities, which bring him praise or fame. Since the ruler in power or the prince is a man, he will exhibit the same reasoning behavioral to his subjects (Machiavelli 41). Thus, man is an indecisive creature. Machiavelli seems to argue that man cannot govern himself, and cannot subject a prince to conform to his reasoning. As a prince, one should put on remarkable qualities on public and wise enough not to expose his weaknesses to his subjects. If a prince depicts false strong character, then his people’ s reasoning will conclude he is indeed a good prince. By this notion, Machiavelli neglects the importance of human reasonin

Data Communication and Networking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Data Communication and Networking - Assignment Example Using this method, a computer can bypass some access controls or servers or even imitate other computers on a certain network, thus a simple way to hack into the system. A man-in-the-middle attack through DHCP, also known as DHCP spoofing occurs when an attack is initiated, and the attacker tries to make DHCP requests responses by trying to enlist as the default server. In such a case, traffic is intercepted before it is forwarded to the user gateway. BEAST: This is a hacking tool developed in Delphi that infects Windows operating systems. BEAST operates in reverse engineering mode and gets the required codes. It utilizes some ports and can terminate the operations of an antivirus or even a firewall, to gain entry into a victim. RSA is an asymmetric public key algorithm whilst DES uses cipher that is old symmetric. RSA uses two keys, a public one and a private one whilst DES uses one key that is shared. DES can handle large chunks of data, a mechanism that is slow in RSA. Both are secret keys. PGP is standardized software that utilizes the former algorithms and others for operation. PGP is thus not an algorithm per se but has to use the other algorithms but perform the same encryption function (Keith,